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VIDEO: When Freedom Can’t Defend Itself

 

 

On October 22, the ACLU of New Mexico premiered it’s new video, When Freedom Can’t Defend Itself, at the 49th Annual Bill of Rights Celebration. The video follows the stories of four New Mexicans, a Sikh paramedic, a National Guardsman, a Border Patrol agent and a high school student who all turned to the ACLU of New Mexico when their civil liberties were violated.

 

 

Occupying? Know your rights!

Can my free speech be restricted because of what I say—even if it is controversial?

No. The First Amendment prohibits restrictions based on the content of speech. However, this does not mean that the Constitution completely protects all types of free speech activity in every circumstance. Police and government officials are allowed to place certain nondiscriminatory and narrowly drawn “time, place and manner” restrictions on the exercise of First Amendment rights. Any such restrictions must apply to all speech regardless of its point of view.
 
Where can I engage in free speech activity?
Generally, all types of expression are constitutionally protected in traditional “public forums” such as streets, sidewalks and parks. In addition, your speech activity may be permitted to take place at other public locations that the government has opened up to similar speech activities, such as the plazas in front of government buildings.
What about free speech activity on private property?
The general rule is that the owners of private property may set rules limiting your free speech. If you disobey the property owner’s rules, they can order you off their property (and have you arrested for trespassing if you do not comply).
Do I need a permit before I engage in free speech activity?
Not usually. However, certain types of events require permits. Generally, these events are:
  • A march or parade that does not stay on the sidewalk, and other events that require blocking traffic or street closure
  • A large rally requiring the use of sound amplifying devices; or
  • A rally at certain designated parks or plazas
Many permit procedures require that the application be filed several weeks in advance of the event. However, the First Amendment prohibits such an advance notice requirement from being used to prevent rallies or demonstrations that are rapid responses to unforeseeable and recent events. Also, many permit ordinances give a lot of discretion to the police or city officials to impose conditions on the event, such as the route of a march or the sound levels of amplification equipment. Such restrictions may violate the First Amendment if they are unnecessary for traffic control or public safety, or if they interfere significantly with effective communication with the intended audience. A permit cannot be denied because the event is controversial or will express unpopular views.
Specific problems
If organizers have not obtained a permit, where can a march take place?
If marchers stay on the sidewalks and obey traffic and pedestrian signals, their activity is constitutionally protected even without a permit. Marchers may be required to allow enough space on the sidewalk for normal pedestrian traffic and may not maliciously obstruct or detain passers-by.
May I distribute leaflets and other literature on public sidewalks?
Yes. You may approach pedestrians on public sidewalks with leaflets, newspapers, petitions and solicitations for donations without a permit. Tables may also be set up on sidewalks for these purposes if sufficient room is left for pedestrians to pass. These types of free speech activities are legal as long as entrances to buildings are not blocked and passers-by are not physically and maliciously detained. However, a permit may be required to set up a table.
Do I have a right to picket on public sidewalks?
Yes, and this is also an activity for which a permit is not required. However, picketing must be done in an orderly, non-disruptive fashion so that pedestrians can pass by and entrances to buildings are not blocked.
Can government impose a financial charge on exercising free speech rights?
Some local governments have required a fee as a condition of exercising free speech rights, such as application fees, security deposits for clean-up, or charges to cover overtime police costs. Charges that cover actual administrative costs have been permitted by some courts. However, if the costs are greater because an event is controversial (or a hostile crowd is expected)—such as requiring a large insurance policy—then the courts will not permit it. Also, regulations with financial requirements should include a waiver for groups that cannot afford the charge, so that even grassroots organizations can exercise their free speech rights. Therefore, a group without significant financial resources should not be prevented from engaging in a march simply because it cannot afford the charges the City would like to impose.
Do counter-demonstrators have free speech rights?
Yes. Although counter-demonstrators should not be allowed to physically disrupt the event they are protesting, they do have the right to be present and to voice their displeasure. Police are permitted to keep two antagonistic groups separated but should allow them to be within the general vicinity of one another.
Does it matter if other speech activities have taken place at the same location?
Yes. The government cannot discriminate against activities because of the controversial content of the message. Thus, if you can show that similar events to yours have been permitted in the past (such as a Veterans or Memorial Day parade), then that is an indication that the government is involved in selective enforcement if they are not granting you a permit.
What other types of free speech activity are constitutionally protected?
The First Amendment covers all forms of communication including music, theater, film and dance. The Constitution also protects actions that symbolically express a viewpoint. Examples of these symbolic forms of speech include wearing masks and costumes or holding a candlelight vigil. However, symbolic acts and civil disobedience that involve illegal conduct may be outside the realm of constitutional protections and can sometimes lead to arrest and conviction. Therefore, while sitting in a road may be expressing a political opinion, the act of blocking traffic may lead to criminal punishment.
What should I do if my rights are being violated by a police officer?
It rarely does any good to argue with a street patrol officer. Ask to talk to a supervisor and explain your position to him or her. Point out that you are not disrupting anyone else’s activity and that the First Amendment protects your actions. If you do not obey an officer, you might be arrested and taken from the scene. You should not be convicted if a court concludes that your First Amendment rights have been violated.

Download a pdf copy.

VIDEO: Don’t Filter Me!

Some public schools are using web filtering software to block student access to positive info about LGBT issues and organizations. Blocking all LGBT content violates students’ First Amendment rights to free speech. They also violate the Equal Access Act, which requires equal access to school resources for all extracurricular clubs, including gay-straight alliances and LGBT support groups. Some schools have even configured their web filters to block access to websites for positive LGBT rights organizations, but still allow access to anti-LGBT sites that condemn LGBT people or urge us to try to change our sexual orientation. This is called viewpoint discrimination, and it’s also illegal.

VIDEO: ACLU-NM Helps Clovis Students Form GSA

ACLU-NM Urges Clovis Schools to Allow Gay-Straight Alliance Club


CLOVIS, NM – Today, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of New Mexico called on Clovis Municipal School District School Board Members to allow students at Clovis High School to form a non-curricular Gay-Straight Alliance (GSA) club. On Tuesday, April 26, board members will meet to consider abolishing all non-curricular student clubs in order to block the club’s formation.

Gay-Straight Alliances are non-curricular, student initiated and student run clubs, with the goal of providing a safe, supportive environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning (LGBTQ) and allied straight youth to meet and discuss sexual orientation and gender identity issues, and to work to create a school environment free of discrimination, harassment and intolerance. Currently, there are more than 3,000 GSAs in schools throughout the United States. In a 2009 survey conducted by the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (GLSEN), students who attended schools with GSA groups were more likely to report feeling safe at school and less likely to report harassment due to their perceived or actual sexual orientation.

Today, ACLU of New Mexico Staff Attorney Alexandra Freedman Smith sent a letter to the Clovis School Board, urging that they not deny high school students the personal enrichment and opportunities provided by non-curricular clubs:

“Non-curricular activities are a vital part of any educational program and provide students with enriching and rewarding experiences. At Clovis High School, you have non-curricular service clubs, religious clubs, a chess club, and other similarly engaging groups. To simply discontinue these clubs would deprive all students of a rich and diverse set of activities to engage in outside of class. Eliminating these clubs would doubtlessly diminish the vibrancy of the high school community in Clovis.”

The full text of the letter can be read HERE..

Under federal law, if public schools allow non-curricular clubs—such as Chess Club or the Fellowship of Christian Athletes—they have created a limited open forum and must give equal access to any students who wish to form additional non-curricular clubs. Once this limited open forum is established, school officials may not discriminate against any club based on its viewpoint.  However, some schools attempt an end run around this law by abolishing all student non-curricular clubs, blocking access to not only GSAs, but all other non-curricular clubs as well.

“It is a shame that Clovis the School Board would consider such drastic action, all just to prevent students from creating an open, safe place at school for LGBT youth and straight allies to gather,” said ACLU of New Mexico Executive Director Peter Simonson. “LGBT students are often the targets of bullying and may have no other place where they feel accepted and supported. To deny them this support—while simultaneously denying every other student the opportunity to participate in other non-curricular clubs—is unjustifiable.”

The ACLU of New Mexico invites students from other school districts to file a legal complaint online at aclu-nm.org if they believe that their school is attempting to prevent the formation of GSAs, censoring websites with content geared towards the LGBT communities or otherwise discriminating against students based on their sexual orientation or gender identity.

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

April 25, 2011

CONTACT: Micah McCoy, (505) 266-5915 x1003 or mmccoy@aclu-nm.org

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